Article 21 of the Indian Constitution assures the citizens of India the right to a healthy environment.Article 48A states “The State shall endeavour to protect and improve the environment and to safeguard the forests and wildlife of the country”.There is a directive, given to the State as one of the Directive Principles of State Policy regarding the protection and improvement of the environment. Clause (g) to Article 51A of the Indian constitution states “It shall be the duty of every citizen of India to protect and improve the natural environment including forests, lakes, rivers and wild life and have compassion for living creatures.”.The forty second amendment (Fundamental Duties) Clause (g) to Article 51A of the Indian constitution made it a fundamental duty to protect and improve the natural environment.Environment related legislation came very late in 1972 with Wild Life Protection Act 1971.However, after the United Nations Conference on Human Environment, held in Stockholm in 1972, Indian constitution was amended to include protection of the environment as a constitutional mandate.Our constitution, originally, did not contain any direct provision regarding the protection of natural environment.
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